Maneuver Warfare: OODA Cycles - The Most Important One is Yours - Part 3

This series of blog entries are about the so-called "maneuver warfare" as explained by William Lind. The writings of Robert Leonhard will also be included. I claim neither expertise in the subject nor devotion to this way of waging wars and thus I am not trying to convert you into anything. This series is not an analysis or a review of all ideas about maneuver warfare but rather some explorations about the topic based on computer war games and simulations. Future entries will be delivered based in readership.


Continued from part 2.


Mi right (south) flank is retreating. Very slowly through the forest southeast of their previous position. At least they are out of sight of the enemy.


The Soviets don't waste time pushing towards my rear, where everything left are tactical headquarters and fire support units. I order these units not to contest the enemy's advance, but to keep an eye on them. All I hope is to have enough time to reorganize my fighting units after their march through the woods ...


Aerial support shows up. First in the form of a two-ship flight of A-10s, but it has started raining and they pull out of our sector. Fortunately the storm clears half an hour later and two more A-10s are tasked with a CAS mission right where the main Soviet body is located. I receive reports of 5 Soviet main battle tanks killed.


My maneuver units have not cleared the woods yet.


Two hunter-killer teams of Kiowa-Apache helicopters make their arrival and turn hold the red tide. I keep the helicopters engaging at maximum distance and for two hours they fight with gallantry. The Soviets stop on their tracks. 


Encouraged by the performance of the attack helicopters, I decided to send one flight towards the enemy's rear. During all the debacle on the north, my extreme south flank was screened by three two-M3 Bradley teams. Eventually they pushed through the river and towards the enemy's rear and detected enemy activity. Great opportunity to deprive the enemy of their command and fire support. 

A hunter-killer helicopter team taking care of a SAM unit. This team later destroyed a self-propelled artillery battery and two HQ units. Note my units moving through the woods.

It's 1700 and I still can't reorganize my remaining forces. Maneuver units stuck in the woods. Command structure is paralyzed and jammed. The only fires delivered onto the enemy come from off-map artillery and the helicopters.


Suddenly, the game stops because I achieved victory (!?)

Whaat? Move aside officer, I have units behind your window ...

Pyrrhic victory, I've lost 60% of my units. But the enemy has lost 80% of his ...

Sectors control and number of individual vehicles left.

Take home lesson from this battle is to keep a mean and lean OODA cycle. I screwed mine by not understanding the time needed to reinforce the front line. When I realized my mistake it was too late and after that I had virtually no command over anything other than a sluggish retreat through no-tank country and directing air support units towards hot spots.


Cheers,

Maneuver Warfare: OODA Cycles - The Most Important One is Yours - Part 2

This series of blog entries are about the so-called "maneuver warfare" as explained by William Lind. The writings of Robert Leonhard will also be included. I claim neither expertise in the subject nor devotion to this way of waging wars and thus I am not trying to convert you into anything. This series is not an analysis or a review of all ideas about maneuver warfare but rather some explorations about the topic based on computer war games and simulations. Future entries will be delivered based in readership.

At around 1330, although our casualties are very light, I can feel the worse is to come. I start moving the reserve company in penny packets towards the north and south defensive positions. They move too slow, or maybe the urgency of the situation makes it look so.

A second Soviet regiment arrives at the bridge, adamantly ignores the two previous hours of butchery and proceeds to attack my left (north) flank positions. Two of my tank platoons ran out of ammo and retreat, giving the Soviets the two microliters of tactical oxygen needed to ignite the Lanchesterian inferno I feared the most.

The Soviets have broken through my north position (yellow icon). Note how the US tank platoons in the left (north flank) are pulling back from their original position.

The few tanks and IFVs that I sent from the reserve company towards the left (northern) flank make little difference. They are caught moving up the hill and end up joining their brother retreating units in a knife fight against the Soviets, who by this time have totally cleared the northern defensive position. Some exhausted and low in ammo, others eager to enter the fight, a mess of retreating and reinforcing Iron Dukes fight the good fight at point blank ranges. Correctly planned, this would have been an elegant reverse slope defense. As it turns out, it is a sloppily planned reinforcement mission from which the only claims I can make are blunting the Soviet spearhead and buying one hour of time. It was a somber spectacle to witness the collapse of my left flank.

The company in my right (south) flank makes some hill-to-hill shots towards the north. But acquiring targets gets increasingly difficult now that the Soviets can move with impunity in my left (north) flank. My units spot some Soviet tanks well west of my previous line of defense. I am being turned and I order a hasty pull back of the remaining forces.

When it rains, it pours. My staff is unable to process my orders! Just in time for the most dangerous time in the fight. Note how the Soviets (red icons) are approaching the road that runs northwest-southwest. Also, below the message window, note the yellow lines for the move orders to my remaining forces.

 To be continued ...


(Sorry for the short entry. I am very tired after a long day at work. I hope it doesn't show too much in what I wrote). :)

Cheers,

Pride of Nations - The Next Grand Strategy Game from Paradox is Revving Up

Take a look a this interview with Philippe Thibaut, head honcho of AGEOD.



All the recent buzz means one thing and you know it ... Release is close!

Box art looks fantastic, BTW. You don't mess with this guy!

Cheers,

Maneuver Warfare: OODA Cycles - The Most Important One is Yours - Part 1

This series of blog entries are about the so-called "maneuver warfare" as explained by William Lind. The writings of Robert Leonhard will also be included. I claim neither expertise in the subject nor devotion to this way of waging wars and thus I am not trying to convert you into anything. This series is not an analysis or a review of all ideas about maneuver warfare but rather some explorations about the topic based on computer war games and simulations. Future entries will be delivered based in readership.

It is just another day in World War III and I am in command of the 2 Battalion 67th Armor with orders to defend in sector, some 3 km northwest of Norderfurt.


It is 1100 and intel of what to expect coming our way is sketchy at best. But for sure nothing less than a Soviet Motorized Regiment.


My sector is west of a river, and the decision of placing two full tank companies in two hills over watching a bridge was a no brainer.


Aggressive patrolling south of these positions by 6 M3 Bradleys revealed nothing of interest and when the Soviet advance guards showed up in the bridge, it was hard to believe how lucky I was to have two full tank companies with gun tubes aiming just there.


The bridge created a choke point and the vehicle-killing fest was on. 

Click the image for a better view. US forces' icons are green and Soviet forces' are red. West of the river, I have two companies in the hills north and south of the road that runs west from the bridge. It's a pity that this game doesn't have icons for destroyed vehicles so you could see how my forces destroyed almost a full Soviet battalion as it tried to establish a bridgehead. The green line represents fire from one M1 Abrams platoon targeting a Soviet mechanized infantry company trying to ford the river.

When the tide of battle is favoring him the mostest, the commander should be thinking hardest ...


In the screenshot above, note the company that I have in reserve west of the two hills where all the shooting is happening.


It was around 1300 and with all the butchery of enemy metal at the bridge I was in full pompous ass mode. If I can stop the Soviets so easily at the bridge, where should I commit my reserve for the final blow against the enemy? How can I mess the OODA cycle of the Soviets? I envisioned the most daring maneuver warfare fantasies, like keeping the enemy futily engaged in the "A" (action, cross the bridge) of the OODA cycle, while counter attacking from a flank so to give him another headache in his "Os" (observation and orientation of a new threat).


Then I started to notice my front units' fire slackening ...

Click the image for a better view. Clicking on the icon of one tank platoon revealed what it was a widespread issue with the units I have in contact: after 2 hours of continuous combat, they are tired and low in ammo. Enemy units are obscured by the smoke of artillery fire.

Troops need ammo and rest, I've learned. I have not planned for this and it is obvious that by the time the second wave of Soviet forces arrives, the tide of battle will likely brush aside my front line if I don't do something.


Whose OODA cycle is messed up now?


To be continued ...


Cheers,

John Tiller Software's New Panzer Campaigns: Tunisia '43

This release caught me by surprise. Got it last night and played a bit.

JTS appears to be on fire! Three releases since Tiller (sorta) parted ways in December 2010.

These are the last throws of the Allied campaign in Africa, but not less exciting than other battles in Africa. The game covers (in separate scenarios) from around November 1942 through mid-May 1943.

Some screenshots follow. Click on them for an expanded view.

Cheers,

John Tiller's Squad Battles Modern War - Collateral Damage

If you are playing Tiller's Modern War, have you noticed the grey icons that look like objectives, named "collateral"? A while ago I was just shooting at whatever insurgent would dare to stay in those. Bad idea: these are "avoid collateral damage objectives" and every time I order my troops to shoot at their location I get negative points for the victory calculation.

 

These collateral damage objectives can generate some tough situations like the one above. A company-sized infantry force (US Army, green counters) has gained a foothold in an Iraqi city (don't wan't to disclose exact location so not to spoil the scenario for you) and has to push northwest. Two objectives have been already taken (small green square thingies in the middle of the screen, labelled 20 and 50). Highlighted with yellow circles, the insurgents in those two locations. If I order fire at them, I will get anything between 10 to 30 victory points taken from my tally. Yet I have to advance.

Cheers,

War Games and Flight Simulators Manuals Need to Catch Up with the Times

I'm looking at my Falcon 4.0 printed manual as I write this. Hundreds of pages of quality writing for ubiquitous enjoyment: the lap of the virtual pilot while he flies, the table of the lunch room at work, the bed during those last minutes of consciousness before succumbing to sleep. Games and flight simulators have an extended life beyond the computer that runs them, and reading the manuals is a big part of it.

If we were to speak of a non-disputed death in the gaming genres we entertain ourselves with, that would be the death of the printed manual delivered along with the game.

We now get pdf files for manuals and while they are convenient in some aspects (searchability and reduced physical/shelf storage space), they are attrocious in others. In my case, I really don't like alt-tabing out of my flight simulators to check the manual.

Right now, the sim du-jour is DCS A-10C and many fellow simmers have chosen to print the 600+ pages of the manual. I read somewhere that in the near future the DCS A-10C printed manual will be available for sale somewhere. I will probably order a copy when it comes out, but I am not overly enthused at the prospect of buying or printing a copy of manuals that I already have in other format.

A solution for reading the manuals without alt-tabing from your game/sim is to have another computer showing the manual. A laptop is a natural choice, but it lacks in the portability department. Comfortable reading portability, I mean: it feels like cumbersome web browsing instead of actually book reading.

In this brave new digital world, there are now ultra-portable readers for digital media: the tablets and the e-book readers. If you are in the market for one, please make sure that the device can display native pdfs. In the limited research I have done, pdf manuals can be shown and read decently in only two devices: the Amazon Kindle DX and the iPad. These cost $379 and $500 respectively (although now that the iPad 2 is around the corner you can get 1st generation iPads for $350 from the Apple store).

Can't afford those but if I would have the money, I would aim for the iPad because in the long run is more bang for the buck (internet browsing and the other super-duper apps). In addition, I have a sizeable collection of technical papers in pdf format that I would love to have ready without having to boot up a laptop. Ey! This is actually a great excuse to present to the wife ("See? Its for work!). :)

Another choice would be the now cheaper e-book readers. But again, not all of them can show native pdfs in a decent way. If it's not the screen size (a screen real estate of 7" is a tad small to read a pdf document that was intended to be printed and read at double that size), it's the native pdf issue (not all devices read native pdfs and need to be converted/re-flowed resulting in loss of figures or even text). E-book readers are intended for reading things formatted as e-books from scratch, after all.

So, here is to hope that someday our beloved game/sim developers will someday publish their manuals in a format that can be read into inexpensive e-book readers.

Cheers,

Postcard from the Front: Dear NATO pilot, Wish you Were Here ...

Playing this WWIII scenario in The Operational Art of War 3 (published by Matrix Games) had to chuckle at how always opportunity strikes me when I am not prepared.

0600, May 9th 1990. Surprise attack by the Soviets into Germany. NATO divisions caught unprepared and frantically travelling towards the border. This scenario features the sector in southern Germany where NATO tries to held the red tide before it reaches Munich. Seen below, a small area of the scenario where the 11 Panzer Grenadier Brigade is holding up the Soviet 9th Tank Division in the city of Deggendorf (145 Km northeast of Munich, 50 Km southwest of the border with Czechoslovakia).

Click the image for an expanded view.

I have pulled almost all the reconnaissance companies from the border and I am trying to hold the Soviets as much as I can at the Donau River. I have blown many bridges and some 10 kilometers north of Deggendorf, the 9th Tank Division is coming out of the woods.

Click the image for an expanded view. A close up of the tactical situation at Deggendorf.

See the pile-up of red counters in the image above? These are great targets for a battlefield air interdiction mission.

Alas, there is no NATO air assets available ...

What a flight of 4 A-10Cs could do here?

On a side note: did you know that the US Air Force has chucked the battlefield air interdiction mission from its doctrine?

Cheers,

The End of "Monster" Wargames?

Depending on what definition you use, I am not a so-called "grognard". I like serious games and simulations and I make no difference whether their format is a flashy immersive first/third person 3D environment or an older, turn and hexes counters on a map. However, I reckon I missed all the fun of what many have called the golden age of board-based war gaming. In other words, I have no traditional war gaming pedigree and thus I am no grognard if I measure my qualifications against that experience.

That's why I like to read and listen to those who have that experience.

One of the fellows I follow is Michael Peck, who writes for the Training and Simulation Journal. He obviously likes the computer war game format, but I suspect he has the board game experience too. In the latest print issue, he reviewed Gary Grigsby's War in the East. The byline of the review is that War in the East is among the last of monster war games.  It is a positive review, but the doomsday tone is everywhere.

For 30 years, legendary designer Gary Grigsby has been churning out classic war games with Jurassic interfaces. WITE at least progresses to the Neardenthal stage, but in a Darwinian world where e-mail is dismissed as too slow and people have the attention spans of fruit flies, this kind of intensive simulation falls somewhere between anachronistic and intimidating.

There may be a sequel to WITE, perhaps on the Western Front. But his branch of gaming, this style of gaming - one that demands time and commitment yet offers much in return - is fading. Farewell to the monsters, and the giant void they'll leave behind. 

I heard that type of tone many times (war games/flight simulators are dead), yet I hardly can keep pace with the many great offers out there. And I am very picky in what I play! In addition, for what is worth, a quick glance at the official WITE forums at Matrix Games shows a lot of youngsters playing this war game.

Maybe no genre is actually dead or dying. Maybe we are confusing these deaths with the death of long spans of leisure time?

Cheers,

DCS: A-10C Warthog - Death Came Through the Clouds - Debrief of a Close Air Support Mission - Part 3

I've just spotted the Marines in the ground and I am getting ready to be talked on my target. The air support operations center (ASOC) is monitoring my radio exchange closely and that is good because they will have to clear me hot when I find the target (Note: ASOC is mentioned here just for fun and are not featured in the sim). There is no official joint tactical air controller in the ground ... yet somebody has to clear my shots. War has its bureaucracy too.

The Marine describes the village as a built up area, sized 2 x 1 km, with the squad located in its eastern extreme. The insurgents have a truck-mounted AAA gun south of their position and would be visible when approached from the east.

As I approach the town from the northeast, I start turning southeast, keeping the village on my right and avoiding getting to close to it. A moderate left bank is great for keeping the targeting pod on my right wing clear of visual obstructions (airframe, wingtips, the fins of the Sidewinder missiles).

Below the cloud deck. The village I am observing with the targeting pod is NOT the one seen near the water bodies in the background but one located a bit farther.

The tactical awareness display (TAD) is a great asset to keep your head in the battle. The position of the US Marines squad is the yellow "6" mark (actually a waypoint I manually entered when they gave me their coordinates). The rings are 20 miles each.

Finding targets with the pod is not easy when the enemy is located within the clutter of built up areas. The FLIR imaging helps but let's not forget that I am observing from 8 miles away. I play around with the gain of the imaging system and it improves the picture. I find the target some 2 minutes later ... it is my lucky day.

Target acquired. I mark it with the laser so it becomes a mark point in the navigation system and its position can be stored and used by the inertially-guided JDAMs.

The ASOC wants out of the radio conversation (I am sure they are busy routing flights to other fights) and clears me hot..

I put the target on my rearand I fly away from it in a shallow climb. After gaining altitude I am going to turn into the target and drop the JDAM through the clouds.

A close up of the tactical awareness display as I fly away from it. "A" is the mark of the target. The wedding cake symbol indicates that markpoint A is now the "sensor point of interest" SPI. The diamond is the position where the targeting pod is looking at. The ring is 10 miles.

I have done my area ingress checklist some minutes before, but it I like to double check my weapons selection. The stores management system shows I have selected the GBU-31 on station 5.

Altitude comes at a high price for a bomb-loaded A-10 and he pays in time and airspeed. I am now above the clouds, at 6,000 feet and 248 KIAS. I can't imagine doing this in a conventional battle zone infested with radar guided missiles.

I now turn into the target. The pod has gone blind, but it is still pointing to the target. 15 nm to go!

The HUD is in the continuously computed release point (CCRP) mode. The triangles inside the ring are the minimum and maximum release distance cues. The vertical line is a guide to fly the bird within an acceptable bombs release flight path. The diamond/square/tadpole combo graphic is the position of the target.

I check and re-check that I have selected mark "A" and not any other navigation point. A distracted pilot can forget about this and have the pod aimed at and the bombs delivered to a navigation point. Believe me, when waypoints/marks/steerpoints start to get close to each other and you are dodging AAA fire, you will never notice the difference. Needless to say that in this case we can't even see who is who below.

My waypoint 6 is the US Marines' position. Have to make sure that waypoint 6 is not selected.

With no JTAC to clear me hot I rely on the authorization given by the ASOC a few minutes earlier. I contact the Marines to report the impending strike.

I pickle and wait for the computer to do its thing. Release!

It feels surreal ... The bomb drops towards the clouds deck in search for its target. I can't avoid to marvel at the technology behind all this.

Bomb away.

My altitude at the point of release is 8,000 ft.

The JDAM gliding towards its target.

Final seconds before utter destruction.

The JDAM falls a few meters off the insurgent truck ...

But the destruction radius of the bomb makes it up for the lack of accuracy.

The Marines can now disengage and move out to a safe place.

I will be posting some notes about this scenario.

Cheers,